Browsing by Author "Edison, Acep"

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    ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF REAL EXCHANGE RATE ON TRADING BALANCE CASE STUDY OF INDONESIA – JAPAN BILATERAL TRADE RELATIONS (MLR AND J-CURVE CONDITIONS)
    (Solid State Technology Volume: 63 Issue: 3, 2020) Laksono, Roosaleh; Edison, Acep
    Exchange rate is one of the important factors in an open economy considering that it has such a large influence on the trade balance and other macroeconomic variables. Besides, the exchange rate shows competitiveness in the international market. This study aims to analyze how much influence the exchange rate has on the trade balance of a case study on Indonesia's bilateral trade relations with its main trading partners, namely Japan. There is a phenomenon based on the data on the exchange rate of the rupiah against the Japanese yen (IDR / ¥), where the rupiah in the last 25 years (1995-2019) has depreciated against the Japanese yen, it should be based on the theory that if the domestic currency depreciates against the foreign currency then There was a continuous increase in the value of exports in accordance with the depreciation of the rupiah against the Japanese yen during this period and conversely there was a decrease in the value of imports so that there would be a trade balance surplus. The results showed that there has been a long term equilibrium relationship between the data variables in the study which was conducted from the results of the cointegration test. The results of the Marchel-Lerner test can be concluded that in the long run the MLR conditions are met (εEX + εIM> 1), which means that in the long run the real exchange rate has an effect on increasing exports and decreasing imports so that it affects the trade balance.
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    ARCHITECTURE OF ONE TIME PASSWORD WITH VOICE CALL FROM SIP TO PSTN
    (International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol.24, Issue 02, 2020) Fauzi, Esa; Edison, Acep
    One Time Password (OTP) is a one way authentication mechanism that usually used to verify user. Generally the media used in OTP is SMS (Short Text Messages). But besides SMS, sound can be used as an alternative media. SIP (Session Initiate Protocol) is a protocol that can send multimedia objects including sound. SIP can also be connected to a PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) through a media gateway. Therefore, this research focuses on building a system that can send OTP from SIP to PSTN. The result of this research is an API (Application Programming Interface) developed with the REST (Representational State Transfer) architecture. This API can send OTP audio from SIP to PSTN. Besides it, This API has also been tested to send many OTP simultaneously at the same time.
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    CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO, LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO, OPERATIONAL COSTS ON OPERATIONAL INCOME, THE INFLUENCE ON RETURN ON EQUITY (Survey of Foreign Exchange National Private Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2014-2016)
    (Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, 03-Special Issue, 2019) Edison, Acep; Saudi, Mohd Haizam Mohd; Sinaga, Obsatar
    The research is intended to describe and measure the Influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Operational Costs to Operating Income (OCOI) on Return on Equity (ROE) in Private Commercial Banks in Indonesia based on the phenomenon that there is a decline in performance finance when the real sector situation experiences growth. Testing is done by designing a hypothesis deduction model of the conceptual paradigm of research. The research population of Private Commercial Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2014-2016 period amounted to 43 banks, the samples tested were 40 banks taken with Purposive sampling techniques in accordance with the terms and criteria the banks consistently published financial statements and had positive Return On Equity and banks - banks that do not violate regulations stipulated by Bank Indonesia. Analysis uses multiple regression and hypothesis testing using the t test - student 5% significance level. The results of the study show that the average value of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Operating Costs to Revenues to Operations, Return on Equity varies greatly. The results of hypothesis testing indicate that the Capital Adequacy Ratio has a significant Influence on the Return on Equity variable, the Loan to Deposit Ratio has a significant Influence on the Return on Equity variable, and the Operational Cost to Operational Income variable is not tested because the confidence level is not fulfilled.
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    DESCRIPTION CALCULATION OF PRODUCTION COSTS AND COST OF GOODS SOLD FOR THE CATTLE RANCHERS IN NORTH BANDUNG REGENCY, INDONESIA
    (Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, 03-Special Issue, 2019) Barus, Irene Sukma Lestari; Arsalan, Syakieb; Edison, Acep; Sukmawati, Fitri; Silviana; Putri, Ratna Komala
    This research was conducted based on the complaints from the cattle ranchers about the income from selling their livestock products. They often suffer livestock farming losses. The selling price they received from the parties of supplier of cow’s milk where they distribute their products are various. The selling price for milk is around IDR 4,600 to IDR 5,000 per liter depending on the quality of milk. Likewise, for beef, the selling price is around IDR 80,000 to IDR 120,000 per kilogram depending on the period of selling. The selling price they received is considered unable to cover the costs for manufacturing process so that the cattle ranchers felt damaged. Therefore, this research gave a contribution in form of knowledge for the cattle ranchers about determining and calculating the cost of the product, and establishing the selling price by using traditional or conventional method and activity based costing method. In traditional method, all costs were charged against the product, including production costs that were not caused by the product. Meanwhile, the activity based costing method explained about the classification of costs, driver, and the cost driver of the product. Hence, this research suggested the cattle ranchers to adopt the activity based costing method since the ABC (activity-based costing) method is more accurate in determining the classification of costs. In addition, this research also gave a contribution for appropriate selling price for milk and beef.
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    THE EFFECT OF INFLATION, BI RATE, AND RUPIAH EXCHANGE RATE ON STOCK RETURNS AND ITS EFFECT ON RETURN ON INVESTMENT (Study on Manufacturing Sector of Industry listed in Jakarta-Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2010-2014)
    (8th Widyatama International Seminar on Sustainability (WISS 2016), Widyatama University and IEEE, 2016-09-05) Edison, Acep; Sugiartiningsih; Aprialiana, Tria
    This study aims to determine the relationship of economic variables among others are inflation, BI (Bank of Indonesia) interest rates, Rupiah to US Dollar foreign exchange rates on stock returns in order to obtain the findings whether the stock returns in the manufacturing sector in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) is affected by inflation, BI interest rates, and Rupiah to US Dollar foreign exchange rates in order to get a solution to the stock returns when economic variables get turbulence. Data analysis in this study is performed using causality-verificative technique using Equation Structural Modeling (SEM). The results showed that inflation partially affects the stock returns, interest rate has no effect on stock returns, and Rupiah exchange rate affects the stock returns. Inflation, interest rate and exchange rate simultaneously affect stock returns as well as the impact on Return On Investment.
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    EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY ON STOCK RETURNS OF COMPANIES IN THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE SECTOR IN INDONESIA
    (International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, Issue 2, 2020) Prayitno, Yogo Heru; Suryana; Apriliana, Tria; Edison, Acep; Arsalan, Syakieb
    The study aims to determine the effect of profitability with the variable Return on Equity on stock returns in food and beverage sector companies in Indonesia. The study was conducted using 18 companies as a sample using financial reports on manufacturing sub-food and beverage consumer goods. The research method used was purposive judgment sampling using multiple linear regression. The results of the study state that profitability using return on equity affects stock returns.
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    THE EFFECT OF WORKING CAPITAL TURNOVER, CASH FLOWS TURNOVER, DEBT TO ASSET RATIO, ON RETURN ON ASSET IMPACT ON DIVIDENDS PER SHARE
    (Solid State Technology Volume: 63 Issue: 4, 2020) Ludimara, Ardilan Dhika; Kusuma, Ilham; Putri, Astri Octaviany; Wijayanti, Devi; Edison, Acep
    This study aims to determine the effect of Working Capital Turnover (WCT), Cash Flows Turnover (CFT), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) on Return On Asset (ROA) on their impact on Dividend Per Share (DPS). Data. The research population is Property, Real Estate and Building Construction which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017- 2019. Sampling using purposive sampling technique as many as 19 companies with a total of 81 annual observations with the criteria of companies that distribute dividends, this type of explanatory research uses path analysis processed with the IBM SPSS 25 program. The research finding shows that the variables WCT, CFT, DAR affect the ROA variable either partially or simultaneously. The variables WCT, CFT, DAR, ROA affect the DPS variable either partially or simultaneously. The value of DPS is obtained directly from the contribution of WCT, CFT and indirectly through ROA, while DAR does not contribute to DPS nor through ROA.
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    THE EFFECTS OF SALES GROWTH, PROFITABILITY, LIQUIDITY, LEVERAGE AGAINST FINANCIAL DISTRESS
    (International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol.24, Issue 2, 2020) Edison, Acep; Saudi, Mohd Haizam Mohd
    The study was conducted based on the financial difficulties of retail companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research is intended to prove the allegation that Financial Distress that occurs in companies is influenced by Sales Grow, Profitability, Liquidity, Leverarge. This type of research is explanatory and the population of the study is 25, the number of samples of 6 companies was taken using purposive sampling technique with criteria for retail companies to experience a decline in operating profit for two consecutive years in the 2014-2018 period. The data is processed using eviews 10.0 data processing program and the results of the research prove that Sales Grow and Liquidity cannot be analyzed because it does not meet the significance test and is not meaningful, Profitability has a negative effect on Fiancial Distress and Leverage has a positive effect on Financial Distress
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    ETHNOMEDICINAL STUDY IN MEKARBUANA VILLAGE, KARAWANG DISTRICT, INDONESIA
    (International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, Issue 1, 2020) Gunarti, Neni Sri; Fikayuniar, Lia; Edison, Acep
    The local people from Mekarbuana, Tegalwaru Karawang is one of the people in Indonesia that still uses plants and animals as ingredients of traditional medicine. This study aimed to find out the natural ingredients that are used in the lives of local people in Mekarbuana including the parts used, how to use and how to process them. This research was carried out by snowball sampling method which was carried out in series by interview to the people who have been know about medicinal plants. Results of the study showed that 56 species of medicinal plants and 6 species of animals used by by local people for treatment with the most widely used parts of the plant namely leaves (58.92%). The part of the animal that is often used is meat (50%). For plants, the most commonly used method of processing is boiled (50%) and the most commonly used method of use is by drinking (60.71%). For animasl, the most commonly used method of processing is dried and packed (66.67%) and the most commonly used method of use is by eating (83.34%).
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    INFLUENCE OF ASSETS, DEBT RATIO ON EQUITY, PRICE INCOME RATIO ON SHARE GROWTH PRICE
    (Solid State Technology Volume: 63 Issue: 3, 2020) Edison, Acep; Laksono, Roosaleh
    This study aims to determine the effect of Return on Asset (ROA), Debt to equity ratio (DER) and Price Earning Ratio (PER) on Price Share Growth (PSG). This type of explanatory research. A population of 33 manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2018, a sample of 11 using purposive sampling technique with the sampling criteria for companies experiencing stock price growth during the observation period. The method of research analysis uses processed panel data regression analysis. with the program Eviews 10. The results of the study partially The research found that ROA has an effect on PSG and DER has an effect on PSG and PER cannot be tested.
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    THE INFLUENCE OF THE HUMAN RESOURCE CONTRIBUTION, CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT, CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON PERFORMANCE ENTERPRISE
    (Seminar Nasional Kewirausahaan dan Inovasi Bisnis II, Universitas Tarumanagara, 2012-09-18) Edison, Acep
    The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of the Human Resource Contribution, Continuous Improvement, Customer satisfaction toward performance enterprise on textile industry. The influences are analyzed with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which is relevant with the structure of variables that have been rebuilt from manifest variables. The method applied in this research is the explanatory survey. The tool for primary source of data use questionnaires. The secondary data use documents related to the research and research situation result The Unit of analyzed are department of textile enterprises in city and regency Bandung, Jawa Barat Province in Indonesia. The sample size is 56 samples for adequate condition is determined using structural Equaition Modeling method analysis and is processed by lisrel 8.3 for Windows software. Based on the conceptual framework of this study, the following hypotheses have been deduced : 1). There are The influences of the Human Recosurce Contribution on Continuous Improvement. 2). There are The influences of the Human Recosurce Contribution and Continuous Improvement on Customer Satisfaction 3). There are The influences simultaneous of the Human Recosurce Contribution, Continuous Improvement, Customer Satisfaction on enterprise Performance. The results of this research showed that three hypotheses are accepted and they descibe the conceptual paradigm research to be corresponding with the empirical fact, and the Human Recosurce Contribution, Continuous Improvement, Customer Satisfaction significanly influence toward Performance enterprise on textile industry.
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    KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL PEMIMPIN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASI DAN OCB PADA KARYAWAN PTPN XII KEBUN MUMBUL
    (Seminar Nasional, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, 2014-03-18) Nugraha, Kristian SW; Edison, Acep
    This study aims to determine the effect of individual characteristics, leader emotional intelligence on organizational commitment, individual characteristics, leader emotional intelligence on OCB, the influence of individual characteristics, leader emotional intelligence, organizational commitment on OCB and organizational commitment on OCB know. Analysis tools using path analysis, the results showed that the characteristics of the individual, emotional intelligence leaders have an influence on organizational commitment. Individual characteristics, emotional intelligence leaders have an influence on OCB. Individual characteristics, leader emotional intelligence, organizational commitment and OCB have an influence on organizational commitment has an influence on OCB.
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    Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Keterlibatan Pekerja terhadap Perbaikan Terus-Menerus dalam Manajemen Kualitas Terpadu Terhadap Kinerja
    (Fakultas Bisnis & Manajemen Universitas Widyatama, 2009-12) Edison, Acep
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    PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN, KETERLIBATAN PEKERJA TERHADAP PERBAIKAN TERUS-MENERUS DALAM MANAJEMEN KUALTIAS TERPADU
    (JURNAL BISNIS, MANAJEMEN & EKONOMI , Vol.9 No.7, Fakultas Bisnis & Manajemen Universitas Widyatama, 2009-12) Edison, Acep
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    PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN, KETERLIBATAN PEKERJA, FOKUS PELANGGAN, PERBAIKAN TERUS MENERUS DAN MANAJEMEN KUALITAS TERPADU TERHADAP KINERJA
    (Universitas Widyatama, 2010-02-25) Edison, Acep
    This study examines the phenomena identified as the presence of the gap between the expectation and realaties of Total Management Quality implementation influencing the textile industry in Indonesia.The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of the Leadership, Employee Involvement, Continuous Improvement, Customer Focus in Total Quality Management toward performance enterprise on textile industry. The influences are analyzed with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which is relevant with the structure of variables that have been rebuilt from manifest variables. The method applied in this research is the explanatory survey. The tool for primary source of data use questionnaires. The secondary data use documents related to the research and research situation resul.t The target population includes 544 textile enterprises in Jawa Barat Province, that is the province having 55 % population textile enterprise in Indonesia. The sample size is 128 companies for adequate condition is determined using structural Equaition Modeling method analysis and is processed by lisrel 8.3 for Windows software. Based on the conceptual framework of this study, the following hypotheses have been deduced There are The influences of the Leadership, Employee Involvement on Continuous Improvement.There are The influences of the Leadership, Employee Involvement and Continuous Improvement on Customer Focus. There are The influences partial and simultaneous of the Leadership, Employee Involvement, Continuous Improvement, Customer Focus on enterprise Performance. The results of this research showed that three hypotheses are accepted and they descibe the conceptual paradigm research to be corresponding with the empirical fact, and the Leadership, Employee Involvement, Continuous Improvement, Customer Focus in Total Quality Management significanly influence toward Performance enterprise on textile industry.
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    Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Keterlibatan Pekerja, Fokus Pelanggan, Perbaikan Terus Menerus Dan Manajemen Kualitas Terpadu Terhadap Kinerja
    (Universitas Widyatama, 2010) Edison, Acep
    This study examines the phenomena identified as the presence of the gap between the expectation and realaties of Total Management Quality implementation influencing the textile industry in Indonesia.The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of the Leadership, Employee Involvement, Continuous Improvement, Customer Focus in Total Quality Management toward performance enterprise on textile industry. The influences are analyzed with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which is relevant with the structure of variables that have been rebuilt from manifest variables. The method applied in this research is the explanatory survey. The tool for primary source of data use questionnaires. The secondary data use documents related to the research and research situation resul.t The target population includes 544 textile enterprises in Jawa Barat Province, that is the province having 55 % population textile enterprise in Indonesia. The sample size is 128 companies for adequate condition is determined using structural Equaition Modeling method analysis and is processed by lisrel 8.3 for Windows software. Based on the conceptual framework of this study, the following hypotheses have been deduced There are The influences of the Leadership, Employee Involvement on Continuous Improvement.There are The influences of the Leadership, Employee Involvement and Continuous Improvement on Customer Focus. There are The influences partial and simultaneous of the Leadership, Employee Involvement, Continuous Improvement, Customer Focus on enterprise Performance. The results of this research showed that three hypotheses are accepted and they descibe the conceptual paradigm research to be corresponding with the empirical fact, and the Leadership, Employee Involvement, Continuous Improvement, Customer Focus in Total Quality Management significanly influence toward Performance enterprise on textile industry.
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    PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN, KETERLIBATAN PEKERJA, PERBAIKAN TERUS. MENERUS TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN. (Studi pada Industri Tekstil di Kota-Kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat)
    (Universitas Widyatama, 2012-03-27) Edison, Acep
    Studi ini bermaksud mengkaji pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Keterlibatan Pekerja, Perbaikan terus.-menerus terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan pada industri tekstil. Analisis penelitian sesuai dengan variabel yang diteliti dengan menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey eksplanatori. Dengan menetapkan data primer dan data skunder sesuai dengan situasional. Unit analisis yang diteliti adalah manajer bagian pada perusahaan-perusahaan tekstil di Kota – Kabupaten Bandung. Ukuran sampel ditetapkan sebagaimana kecukupan sampel berdasarkan syarat metode analisis SEM sebesar 112 responden dan diproses dengan lisrel 8.3 for Windows software. Hipotesis penelitian sebagai praduga sementara yang ditetapkan sesuai dengan kerangka pemikiran adalah : 1). Terdapat pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Keterlibatan Pekerja terhadap Perbaikan terus.‐menerus. 2). Terdapat pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Keterlibatan Pekerja, Perbaikan terus.-menerus terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis diterima dan mendeskripsikan kesesuaian paradigma konseptual penelitian dengan fakta empiris dan secara signifikan Kepemimpinan, Keterlibatan Pekerja, Perbaikan terus.‐menerus berpengaruh terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan
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    PENGARUH KUALITAS AUDIT TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL
    (Seminar Nasional Akuntansi dan Bisnis (SNAB), Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Widyatama, 2017-07-20) Susiani, Rini; Edison, Acep
    Studi bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran dan melakukan pengujian hipotesis secara partial dan simultan Kualitas Audit yang diproksi dengan variabel Independensi, Keahlian Professional, Lingkup Kerja Pemeriksaan, Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Pemeriksaan terhadap Pengendalian Internal pada Bank Jabar Banten Kota Bandung yang dianalisis menggunakan regresi liniear berganda. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplanatori crossectional dengan tipe investigasi deskriptif verifikatif dan unit analisis penelitian internal auditor serta bagian lainnya yang terkait. Teknik sampling yang digunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan hipotesis partial dan simultan signifikan Ha diterima, bahwa variabel independensi, Keahlian Professional, Lingkup Kerja Pemeriksaan, Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Pemeriksaan signifikan berpengaruh serta berkontribusi positif terhadap Pengendalian Internal.
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    PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK, HARGA JUAL, LAYANAN PURNA JUAL TERHADAP VOLUME PENJUALAN DAMPAKNYA PADA RETURN ON INVESMENT
    (Seminar Nasional Akuntansi dan Bisnis (SNAB), Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Widyatama, 2017-07-20) Edison, Acep
    Studi bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran Kualitas Produksi, Harga Jual, Layanan Purna Jual, Penjualan, Return On Invesment pada perusahaan manufactur. Pengukuran yang dilakukan untuk mendapat besarnya kontibusi Kualitas Produksi, Harga Jual, Layanan Purna Jual, terhadap Penjualan dan berdampak pada Return On Invesment. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplanatori dengan tipe investigasi deskriptif verifikatif dan unit analisis penelitian adalah bagian penjualan. Teknik sampling yang digunakan purposive sampling. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur dengan pengujian kecocokan model, besarnya pengaruh secara partial dan simultan serta nilai besaran jalur sebagai kontribusi dari variabel independent terhadap dependent. Hasil penelitian menunjukan hipotesis partial dan simultan sigmifikan Ha diterima dan kontribusi variabel Kualitas Produk memberikan peningkatan penjualan sebesar 1,5 kali dan secara tidak langsung memberikan peningkatan 6 kali terhadap Return On Invesment. Kontribusi variabel Harga Produk memberikan peningkatan penjualan sebesar 0,84 kali dan secara tidak langsung memberikan peningkatan 3,37 kali terhadap Return On Invesment. Kontribusi variabel Layanan Purna Jual memberikan peningkatan penjualan sebesar 0,22 kali dan secara tidak langsung memberikan peningkatan 4 kali terhadap Return On Invesment. Kesimpulan penelitian yakni Kualitas Produksi, Harga Jual, Layanan Purna Jual mempengaruhi Penjualan dan berdampak pada Return On Invesment.
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    PENGARUH NON PERFORMING LOAN (NPL), LOAN DEPOSIT RATIO (LDR), LOAN ASSET RATIO (LAR), BIAYA OPERASIONAL PENDAPATAN OPERASIONAL (BOPO) TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS (STUDY PADA PERBANKAN TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA)
    (Seminar Nasional Akuntansi dan Bisnis (SNAB), Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Widyatama, 2017-07-20) Suryana; Edison, Acep
    Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Non Performing to Loan, Loan To Deposit Ratio, Loan to Asset, BOPO berpengaruh terhadap Return on Asset pada perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2013-2016. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksplanatori crossectional times series. Type investigasi yang digunakan adalah deskriptif verifikatif . Populasi penelitian bank yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2013-2016 yang berjumlah 43 bank dan penarikan sampel sebanyak 30 bank menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, yang ditetapkan berdasarkan kriteria. Unit analisis adalah laporan keuangan dan menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda pada taraf signifikansi sebesar 5%, diproses dengan program Eviews 8.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Non Performing to Loan, Loan To Deposit Ratio, Loan to Asset, BOPO signifikan berpengaruh positif secara partial dan simultan terhadap Return on Asset.